| Antibodies are a class of proteins formed in the | | | | in an inactivated form, to stimulate the production |
| body in response to the presence of antigens, like | | | | of antibodies. |
| foreign proteins and other compounds, which are | | | | It is important fact to note that the food allergies |
| bound to the antigen inactivating it. Though | | | | caused also may be due to the production of |
| science may have done a lot of advancements in | | | | antibodies against specific food proteins. Chemically |
| the understanding of molecular biology but still in | | | | the antibodies form a class of proteins known as |
| quite a few cases it is still unable to implicate | | | | the globulins. The body contains hundreds of |
| specific proteins with a disease. | | | | thousands of different white blood cells called B |
| By measuring the amount of the specific protein | | | | lymphocytes, each capable of producing one type |
| directly, it is possible to measure a true level of | | | | of antibody and each bearing sites on its |
| gene function. However, when one takes into | | | | membrane that will bind with a specific antigen. |
| consideration the large number of | | | | The antibody molecule is made of four |
| post-transnational modifications, human cells may | | | | polypeptide chains – of which two are identical |
| contain a million or more different protein variants, | | | | light chains and the remaining two are identical |
| any of which could be altered in disease making | | | | heavy chains. The light chains have a variable |
| the task of analyzing all of them a huge task. | | | | portion that is different in each type of antibody |
| Protein micro arrays or protein chips may have | | | | and is the active portion of the molecule that |
| the solution to this problem. A slide could be | | | | binds with the specific antigen. |
| spotted with thousands of known antibodies or | | | | Antibodies combine with some antigens like, |
| peptides like a DNA micro array, a biological | | | | bacterial toxins, and for the purpose of neutralizing |
| sample spread over the chip, and any binding | | | | their effect; they remove other substances from |
| determined. Protein chips can become a fast | | | | circulation in body fluids; they bind certain antigens |
| way to profile protein changes in disease. | | | | together and this process of binding is known as |
| Immunity to infection is due to the production of | | | | agglutination. These help to activate, complement, |
| antibodies against specific proteins of disease | | | | blood serum proteins that cause the damage by |
| causing organisms, and immunization is the | | | | way of invading cells. |
| process of giving these marker proteins, generally | | | | |